Kata kerja yang satu ini merupakan kata kerja yang cukup sering digunakan. Termasuk kategori kata kerja yang unik diantara ribuan kata kerja (verbs) lainnya dalam bahasa inggris. Bersama bedan do,kata kerja havejuga bisa berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama (main verbs) dan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verbs). Terus muncul pertanyaan, apa sih bedanya have, has dan had? Yang jelas beda dalam penggunaannya ya. Apa saja kegunaan kata kerja satu ini? Yuk mari disimak bersama sama.
Kata kerja dasar (bare verb) nya adalah have.Seiring penggunannnya dalam kalimat yang sesuai dengan tenses yang dibutuhkan, maka havebisa berubah sesuai dengan tenses yang digunakan.
Lihatlah perubahannya:
Verb 1 | Verb 2 | Verb 3 | Verb + s | infinitive | V -ing |
have | had | had | has | To have | having |
Terus apa dong perbedaan penggunannya?
HAVE
Kata kerja utama (main verbs)
havemerupakan kata kerja dasarnya, sebagai kata kerja utama juga dalam bentuk have.Digunakan dalam kalimat simple present tense aktif,memiliki arti memiliki, mempunyai, kepunyaan. Hanya saja tergantung subjek dalam kalimat juga, perhatikan:
Have | They, we, I , you |
Has | He, she, it |
Contoh kalimat:
S | have | |
I | have | a dream |
aku | memiliki | impian |
She and I | have | many dreams |
Dia dan aku | memiliki | Banyak impian |
They | have | three apples |
Mereka | memiliki | Tiga apel |
Kata kerja bantu (modals/ auxiliary verbs)
Havejuga bisa digunakan sebagia kata kerja bantu lho, berarti fungsinya di sini sama halnya dengan modals. Sebagai kata kerja bantu, havememiliki arti telah/ sudah (nah kan beda dengan arti sebagai kata kerja utama). Biasanya dipakai dalam kalimat present dan future perfect tense, present dan future perfect continuous tense baik aktif maupun pasif ya. Yuk seperti apa?
S (they, we, I, you) | have | Participle (Verb 3) | |
They | have | gone | there |
I | have | waited | here for long time |
We | have | picked | Many titles |
S (they, we, I, you) | have | been | Participle (Verb 3) | |
They | have | been | forced | to participate |
I | have | been | rejected | Many times |
We | have | been | taken |
S (they, we, I, you) | will | have | Participle (Verb 3) | |
They | will | have | gone | there |
I | will | have | waited | here for long time |
We | will | have | picked | many titles |
Present perfect tense pasif
S (they, we, I, you) | will | have | been | Participle (Verb 3) | |
They | will | have | been | forced | to participate |
I | will | have | been | rejected | Many times |
We | will | have | been | taken |
Dipakai juga dalam kata sambung positive dan negative agreement,di sini peran havesebagai modalsyang memiliki arti telah.
Affirmative
So
S (they, we, I, you) | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | so | MODAL HAVE DO BE | S | |
I | have | imagined | Many things | and | so | have | we |
They | have | brought | shoes | and | so | have | I |
You | have | gone | there | and | so | have | they |
Too
S (they, we, I, you) | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | S | MODAL HAVE DO BE | too | |
I | have | imagined | Many things | and | we | have | too |
They | have | brought | shoes | and | I | have | too |
You | have | gone | there | and | they | have | too |
Neither
S (they, we, I, you) | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | neither | MODAL HAVE DO BE | S | |
I | Haven’t | imagined | Many things | and | neither | have | we |
They | Haven’t | brought | shoes | and | neither | have | I |
You | Haven’t | gone | there | and | neither | have | they |
Either
S (they, we, I, you) | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | S | MODAL HAVE DO BE | either | |
I | Haven’t | imagined | Many things | and | we | Haven’t | either |
They | Haven’t | brought | shoes | and | I | Haven’t | either |
You | Haven’t | gone | there | and | they | Haven’t | either |
HAS
Sama halnya have, has merupakan perubahan dari have karena Subjek He, she dan it.
Sebagai kata kerja utama (main verbs)
Digunakan dalam kalimat simple present tense aktif positifmemiliki arti mempunyai, memiliki.
Contoh kalimat:
S (he, she, it) | have | |
She | has | a dream |
dia | memiliki | impian |
Mia | has | many dreams |
Mia | memiliki | Banyak impian |
It | has | Two ivories |
ini | memiliki | Dua gading |
Sebagai Kata kerja bantu (modals/ auxiliary verbs)
Present perfect tense aktif
S (he, she, it) | has | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | has | gone | there |
Theo | has | waited | here for long time |
He | has | picked | Many titles |
Present perfect tense pasif
S (he, she, it) | has | been | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | has | been | forced | to participate |
Theo | has | been | rejected | Many times |
He | has | been | taken |
Present perfect continuous tense aktif
S (he, she, it) | has | been | Verb -ing | |
She | has | been | going | there |
Theo | has | been | waiting | here for long time |
He | has | been | picking | many titles |
Present perfect continuous tense pasif
S (he, she, it) | has | been | being | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | has | been | being | forced | to participate |
Theo | has | been | being | rejected | Many times |
He | has | been | being | taken |
Dipakai juga dalam kata sambung positive dan negative agreement,di sini peran hassebagai modalsyang memiliki arti telah.
Affirmative
So
S (he, she, it | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | so | MODAL HAVE DO BE | S | |
He | has | imagined | Many things | and | so | has | She |
She | has | brought | Two shoes | and | so | has | Mia |
Mina | has | gone | there | and | so | has | Theo |
Too
S (he, she, it | MODAL HAVE V BE | V-3 | and | S | MODAL HAVE DO BE | too | |
He | has | imagined | Many things | and | She | has | too |
She | has | brought | Two shoes | and | Mia | has | too |
Mina | has | gone | there | and | Theo | has | too |
Untuk either dan neither hampir sama dengan have.
HAD
Hadmerupakan bentuk past form dan participle dari have. Memiliki arti memiliki sebagai kata kerja utama, dan memiliki arti telah jika sebagai kata kerja bantu. Haddipakai untuk semua subject.
Sebagai kata kerja utama (main verbs)
Dalam fungsinya sebagai kata kerja utama, had dipakai dalam kalimat:
Simple past tense positive aktif
S | had | |
I | had | much time |
They | had | us |
She | had | other biscuits |
Sebagai Kata kerja bantu (modals/ auxiliary verbs)
Sebagai kata kerja bantu, haddipakai dalam past perfect tense dan past perrfect continuous tense aktif maupun pasif. Fungsinya sebagai modals, memiliki arti telah.
Past perfect tense aktif
S | had | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | had | gone | there |
Theo | had | waited | here for long time |
He | had | picked | Many titles |
I | had | had | Many books |
Catatan: ada yang menarik di sini, pada kalimat terakhir, had yang pertama berfungsi sebagai kata kerja bantu, had yang kedua berfungsi sebagai kata kerja utama.
Past perfect tense pasif
S | had | been | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | had | been | forced | to participate |
Theo | had | been | rejected | Many times |
He | had | been | taken |
Past perfect continuous tense aktif
S | had | been | Verb -ing | |
She | had | been | going | there |
Theo | had | been | waiting | here for long time |
He | had | been | picking | many titles |
Past perfect continuous tense pasif
S | had | been | being | Participle (Verb 3) | |
She | had | been | being | forced | to participate |
Theo | had | been | being | rejected | Many times |
He | had | been | being | taken |
Itulah penjelasan penggunaan have, has dan had dalam kalimat. Jadi memiliki peran masing-masing ya. Have/ has biasanya untuk waktu present dan future. Had dipakai untuk past tense. Semoga tidak semakin bingung.
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