Ternyata masih banyak yang bingung bahkan tidak tahu ya kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris itu berbeda dengan kata kerja yang ada dalam bahasa Indonesia (#yaeyalah). Terutama kata kerja yang mengalami perubahan tergantung dengan tensesyang digunakan. Dalam bahasa inggris dikenal dengan kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs) dan kata kerja yang tak beraturan (irregular verbs). Kenapa perlu tahu? Seberapa penting sih jenis kedua kata kerja tersebut dalam menyusun kalimat? Nah untuk menjawab semua itu, mari perhatikan baik-baik penjelasan di bawah ini.
Tentu sangat penting sekali pengetahuan tentang kedua jenis kata kerja ini. Karena jika tidak, tentuk kita akan salah dalam menggunakan, terumata saat dalam kalimat tensestertentu. (cek: apa itu tenses).
Kata kerja bertauran (regular verbs)
Kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs) adalah kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris yang mengalami perubahan dari verb 1 (main verbs), verb 2 (past form), dan verb 3 (participle) dengan pola yang beraturan, verb 2 sama dengan verb 3. Untuk memudahkan dalam belajar atau menghafal, penulis sudah membagi beberapa contoh kata kerja di bawah ini.
Tentu masih ingat dong, bentuk verb 1 (main verbs)biasanya digunakan dalam Present Tense.Sedangkan verb 2 (past form)digunakan dalam Past Tense,serta verb 3 (participle)digunakan dalam bentuk Perfect Tense.
1. Biasanya berakhiran –ed untuk kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf konsonan (tidak semua yang berakhiran konsonan). Contohnya:
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
ask | asked | asked | bertanya |
accept | accepted | accepted | menerima |
avoid | avoided | avoided | menghindari |
bargain | bargained | bargained | menawar |
call | called | called | Memanggil |
clean | cleaned | cleaned | membersihkan |
cook | cooked | cooked | memasak |
drift | drifted | drifted | mengalir |
differ | differed | differed | membedakan |
develop | developed | developed | mengembangkan |
drown | drowned | drowned | tenggelam |
finish | finished | finished | menyelesaikan |
Fill | Filled | Filled | mengisi |
frighten | frightened | frightened | menakuti |
follow | followed | followed | mengikuti |
interrupt | interrupted | interrupted | menyela |
intend | intended | intended | berniat |
jump | jumped | jumped | melompat |
join | joined | joined | mengikuti |
learn | learned | learned | belajar |
look | looked | looked | melihat |
open | opened | opened | membuka |
melt | melted | melted | meleleh |
miss | missed | missed | merindukan |
need | needed | needed | membutuhkan |
pick | picked | picked | mengambil |
play | played | played | bermain |
pretend | pretended | pretended | Berpura-pura |
request | requested | requested | meminta |
sail | sailed | sailed | berlayar |
sew | sewed | sewed | menjahit |
Scream | Screamed | Screamed | berteriak |
soak | soaked | soaked | tercampur |
seem | seemed | seemed | kelihatan |
shock | shocked | shocked | terkejut |
start | started | started | memulai |
stay | stayed | stayed | tinggal |
steam | steamed | steamed | menguap |
talk | talked | talked | berbicara |
touch | touched | touched | menyentuh |
trust | trusted | trusted | mempercayai |
turn | turned | turned | menoleh |
want | wanted | wanted | menginginkan |
watch | watched | watched | menonton |
warn | warned | warned | memperingatkan |
wait | waited | waited | menunggu |
2. Untuk kata kerja dengan akhiran huruf ‘e’, diberi akhiran –d. contohnya:
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
agree | agreed | agreed | menyetujui |
arrange | arranged | arranged | menyusun |
believe | believed | believed | mempercayai |
calculate | calculated | calculated | menghitung |
care | cared | cared | mempedulikan |
close | closed | closed | menutup |
compare | compared | compared | membandingkan |
dance | danced | danced | menari |
dilate | dilated | dilated | melebarkan |
estimate | estimated | estimated | memperkirakan |
face | faced | faced | menghadapi |
force | forced | forced | memaksa |
ignore | ignored | ignored | mengabaikan |
imagine | imagined | imagined | membayangkan |
laugh | laughed | laughed | tertawa |
love | loved | loved | mencintai |
like | liked | liked | menyukai |
live | lived | lived | tinggal |
move | moved | moved | pindah |
organize | organized | organized | menyusun |
participate | participated | participated | mengikuti |
promise | promised | promised | berjanji |
receive | received | received | menerima |
scare | scared | scared | takut |
stare | stared | stared | menatap |
smile | smiled | smiled | tersenyum |
smoke | smoked | smoked | merokok |
type | typed | typed | mengetik |
use | used | used | menggunakan |
voyage | voyaged | voyaged | pelayaran |
water | watered | watered | menyiram |
whisper | whispered | whispered | berbisik |
3. Untuk kata kerja dengan akhiran konsonan tertentu, ditambahi/ didouble konsonan plus akhiran –ed. Contohnya:
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
admit | admitted | admitted | mengakui |
control | controlled | controlled | mengendalikan |
beg | begged | begged | memohon |
jog | jogged | jogged | menari |
stop | stopped | stopped | berhenti |
submit | submitted | submitted | mengajukan |
pull | pulled | pulled | menarik |
travel | travelled | travelled | bepergian |
4. Untuk beberapa kata kerja dengan akhiran ‘y’, huruf ‘y’ berubah menjadi ‘i’ dan diberi akhiran –ed. Contohnya:
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
cry | cried | cried | menangis |
dry | dried | dried | mengeringkan |
study | studied | studied | belajar |
spy | spied | spied | Memata-matai |
Kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verbs)
Kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verbs) adalah kata kerja yang perubahan verb 1 (main verbs) menjadi verb 2 (past form) dan verb 3 (participle) tidak menentu atau dengan kata lain tak membentuk pola tertentu atau tidak beraturan. Jadi untuk penggunaan dalam kalimat dengan benar, ya kalian harus menghafal :p.
Untuk memudahkan belajar sekaligus menghafal beriktut ini jenis kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verbs).
1. Kata kerja yang bentuk verb 1= verb 2= verb 3
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
cut | cut | cut | memotong |
kick | kick | kick | menendang |
put | put | put | meletakkan |
let | let | let | membiarkan |
set | set | set | meletakkan |
2. Kata kerja yang bentuk verb 1 = verb 3
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
come | came | come | datang |
run | ran | run | berlari |
sit | sat | sit | duduk |
3. Kata kerja yang bentuk verb 2 = verb 3
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
bring | brought | brought | Membawa |
buy | bought | bought | Membeli |
feel | felt | felt | Merasakan |
have | had | had | Mempunyai |
hold | held | held | Memegang |
keep | kept | kept | Menjaga |
lay | laid | laid | meletakkan |
leave | left | left | Meninggalkan |
loose | lost | lost | Kehilangan |
make | made | made | Membuat |
spend | spent | spent | Menghabiskan |
stand | stood | stood | Berdiri |
sweep | swept | swept | Menyapu |
tell | told | told | Menceritakan |
think | thought | thought | Berfikir |
understand | understood | understood | mengerti |
4. Kata kerja yang bentuk ketiganya berbeda. Contohnya:
Verb 1 (main verbs) | Verb 2 (past form) | Verb 3 (participle) | Arti |
arise | arose | arisen | terbit |
abide | abode | abiden | Mempercayai |
begin | began | begun | Memulai |
break | broke | broken | Pecah/ putus |
choose | chose | chosen | Memilih |
do | did | done | Melakukan |
drink | drank | drunk | Minum |
draw | drew | drawn | Menggambar |
eat | ate | eaten | Makan |
fall | fell | fallen | Jatuh |
freeze | froze | frozen | Membeku |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | Melarang |
Be (is, are) | was, were | been | Menjadi |
fly | flew | flown | Terbang |
give | gave | given | Memberi |
get | got | got | Mendapatkan |
go | went | gone | Pergi |
grow | grew | grown | Tumbuh |
hide | hid | hidden | menyembunyikan |
know | knew | known | Mengetahui |
lie | lay | lain | Meletakkan |
rise | rose | risen | Terbit |
say | said | said | Mengatakan |
steal | stole | stolen | mencuri |
speak | spoke | spoken | Berbicara |
see | saw | seen | Melihat |
sink | sank | sunk | tenggelam |
sing | sang | sung | menyanyi |
take | took | taken | mengambil |
tear | tore | torn | menyobek |
wear | wore | worn | memakai |
write | wrote | written | menulis |
Untuk kata kerja jenis irregular verbs karena bentuknya bermacam-macam, maka alangkah baiknya dihafal ya. Demikian penjelasan mengenai apa itu kata kerja beraturan (regular verbs) dan kata kerja tak beraturan (irregular verbs). Semoga dipermudahkan dan bermanfaat. Happy learning!